Highly Fast Innovative Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Microgrid Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Nonstandard Tripping Characteristics

The incorporation of renewable energy microgrids brings along several new protection coordination challenges due to the and stochastic behaviour power flow fault currents distribution. An optimal scheme is a potential solution develop an efficient system handle microgrid challenges. In this paper, Over Current (OC) relays schemes have been developed using nonstandard tripping characteristics for network connected resources. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) IEEE-9 bus systems used as benchmark networks test evaluate schemes. proposed OC approach delivers fast more reliable performance under different faults scenarios compared traditional approaches. addition, improve approach, four modern novel metaheuristic optimization algorithms are employed solve relay problem, namely: Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO), Teaching Learning (TL), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) Moth-Flame Algorithm (MFO). impact on grid, enhance sensitivity selectivity system. cases, consider integrating levels resources (with capacity increment 25% 50%) in by standard characteristics. comparison analysis with (PSO) algorithm common technique solving problems considering also higher impedance introduced. results all cases showed that successfully reduced overall time terms selectivity.